Walker published her first book of poems, titled For My People after poem above, in 1942, for which she was given the Yale Series of Younger Poets Award, becoming the first black woman to ever receive it. She took over twenty years to write her next book, the novel Jubilee, during which time she also married a disabled veteran for whom she cared, had four children, earned a PhD from the University of Iowa, and as the primary earner for the family, taught full time at Jackson State College in Mississippi. She, along with writers like Richard Wright, was a member of the Chicago Black Renaissance.